There was also the elaboration of law in terms of religious matters. Once the religion had distanced itself from the centralized authority, some forms of local traditional artifacts started to be incorporated into the religious architecture. Arab was promoted as the only language of literacy and bureaucracy during the time of Caliphate, but after its demise there was a renewed patronage and literary revival (Riley 2005 pp 65). The expansion of Islam by the conversion to the southern & eastern India, Sub-Saharan Africa, Indonesia and Central Asia also added a large ethnic diversity to the Muslim community. There was a centralized form of culture provided by the Abbasid era, which gave way to a rich pluralism of languages, aesthetics and ethnic groups, which in the end helped to diversify the Islam religion and thus its rapid expansion (McKay 2003 pp 71). The rise of a political society in the middle age that was united by the social structures of Islam had an adverse consequence on the development of the world of Islam. The absence of a hierarchical clergy who was capable of acting as a fount of religious authority and interpretation is one reason that led to the decentralization of the religious authority of Islam. The religion depends on the most learned pious to lead in the religious activities. Islam religion has had a system that is not a centralized hierarchy whereby it depends on the community participation of all believes (Riley 2005 pp 52). Most of the world’s largest religious groups- Christianity, Islam and Hinduism have undergone major reforms for a long period of time.
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